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PCB Design
Top Tips from Experienced Flex Designers
Fabrication: In general, advice given about flexible circuit fabrication is split between knowledge of the fabricator and their process, and communication. Knowledge of the printed circuit board fabrication process is not as common as it once was, and this is even more apparent with the subtleties of flex manufacturing. Understanding the manufacturing process helps to illuminate areas that are more challenging for fabrication, as well as areas
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Designing for Testability in PCB Design: Ensure High Yield and Quality
If you remember your days in school, then you probably remember the feeling of happiness and celebration when you pass a big exam. You’ll feel the same sense of adulation when your board spin passes a barrage of pre and post assembly tests, but a complex design might not reach that stage unless you implement the right design for testability methods. There are some simple steps that can help your manufacturer identify and quickly implement
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How to Create a Test Point Schematic Symbol and Footprint in Altium Designer
Bare board testing is like a moment of truth, where your fabricator and your design team determines whether a board passes inspection. Some basic test fixtures and testing points should be indicated in your schematic and your PCB layout, especially when they are critical for evaluating board functionality. So what is the best way to do this? You might rely on your manufacturer to assign test points, but for critical circuit blocks, you should
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PCBs vs. Multichip Modules, Chiplets, and Silicon Interconnect Fabric (2023 Update)
An article in the September 2019 issue of IEEE Spectrum claimed that silicon interconnect fabric, a method for connecting chiplets on a multichip module or advanced package, would eliminate PCBs and bulky SoCs for many applications, specifically motherboards. It's now 2023, and no one seems to have ditched PCBs yet; the demand for PCBs remains as strong as ever and is still projected to grow at double-digit CAGR. This is despite the expected
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Decoupling Capacitor and Bypass Placement Guidelines
Power integrity problems are normally viewed from the perspective of the power supply, but looking at the output from ICs is just as important. Decoupling and bypass capacitors are intended to compensate for power fluctuations seen on the PDN, which ensures your signal levels are consistent and a constant voltage is seen at the power/ground pins on an IC. We’ve compiled some important bypass and decoupling capacitor design guidelines to help you
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Filter Transfer Function and Pole-Zero Analysis in Altium Designer
I remember spending hours on circuit analysis problems in my electronics classes, and I learned to analyze all sorts of filter/amplifier configurations by hand. The circuits were usually tractable with Ohm’s law and Kirchoff’s laws, as long as there was no feedback in the circuit. Circuits for advanced applications, such as wideband or multiband matching circuits for RF components, can quickly become difficult to analyze by hand. But as the
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PCB Design for Hyperspectral Sensor and Imaging Systems
What was once confined to the most advanced aerospace applications is now commonplace enough to be found in our everyday lives. Insulation, CCDs, air purifiers, and other technologies wouldn’t be possible without a robust space program in the 1960s and 1970s. One less well-known technology that deserves such attention is remote sensing, which has been used casually and for scientific research since the first American and Russian space flights
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NB-IoT Antenna Design and Layout for Your PCB
With all the possible wireless communication protocols available for use in a mobile device, it can be difficult to keep them straight. Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) and LTE-M are two low-bandwidth protocols that provide remote monitoring capabilities over several miles of distance. While the data rates are quite low in both protocols, these protocols are excellent choices for lightweight embedded systems, such as small sensor arrays, industrial or
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Single-Ended Signal vs Differential Transmission
Just about every place you look these days when you talk about high-speed PCB design, the signaling required for a product is, by default, differential signaling. But, differential signaling was not always at the forefront of product development. The original method of moving data was single-ended signaling. And, in some instances, it is still in use today. This article will describe the differences between single-ended vs differential
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Is it Simultaneous Switching Noise or Crosstalk?
How can you distinguish simultaneous switching noise and crosstalk? Take a look at the difference between these two signal integrity problems in this article.
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Impedance Matching Network S-Parameters Simulation
Here’s how you can calculate the S-parameters for your antenna impedance matching network in Altium Designer.
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Antenna Impedance Matching Network Circuit Simulation in Altium Designer
Need to simulate an antenna impedance matching network? The SPICE tools in Altium Designer can help.
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Analog Signal Bandwidth and its Relation to Power Integrity
Here’s how your analog signal bandwidth interacts with your PDN, and how it affects power integrity.
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Designing for Antenna Isolation in Your Wireless System
Antenna isolation is designed to prevent interference between antennas and ensure diversity in wireless systems.
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Differential Crosstalk and Spacing Between Differential Pairs
Differential crosstalk causing problems in your signals? Here’s how differential signals produce crosstalk and how you can ensure differential signal integrity.
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PCB Debugging: Tips, Tools, and Tricks
There are some basic testing and PCB debugging steps you should take when your new prototype has some functionality and signal integrity problems.
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Switchback Routing vs. Serpentine Traces Routing for Maximum Density
Choosing between switchback routing or serpentine routing means considering signal integrity and crosstalk in your board.
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