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linear devices in electronics

Linear Devices in Electronics and How They Affect Your Signals Many cultures view time as linear or as something that moves along a straight line. The flow of time moves from past to present to future. Other cultures, however, have a different perspective about time. Those see time moving in cycles. History repeats itself and all human events occur in cycles. Linear devices in electronics have nothing to do with how we perceive time, but they do matter for how your circuits perform and how they should be Read Article

PCB Design Guidelines for Controlled Impedance Routing

PCB Design Guide to Controlled Impedance During PCB Routing In June 1831, Sir James Clark Ross discovered the North Magnetic Pole on the Boothia Peninsula in Northern Canada. While the term “discovery” seems to indicate that the North Magnetic Pole is static, the North and South Magnetic Poles, in fact, move continuously. The Earth’s magnetic field changes over time and as those changes occur, the positions of the poles also shift. Given the rate of movement at 55 km per year, we may have another meaning Read Article

Coupled Versus Uncoupled Inductors: Which is Right for Your Switching Power Supply?

Coupled Versus Uncoupled Inductors Procurement: Which is Right for Your Switching Power Supply? I recently took a deep dive into the various types of topologies surrounding switching power supplies. This article examined the benefits and downfalls of some of the most common topologies and aimed to assist you in the process of choosing how to power your design. The SEPIC topology is a very common switching mode power supply that can operate as both a Buck and a Boost converter. In other words, the SEPIC can act as a step-down (Buck converter Read Article

Strong Design Software for Differential Pair Routing

Strong Design Software for Differential Pair Routing Back when I lived in Portland, I used to commute downtown, typically taking the train to and from work. I was thankful to live in a city with a meticulously timed train system. There must be a valid reason to route train lines as differential pairs because I could always count on the trains being on time. Routing differential pairs on a PCB also requires specific rules and meticulous timing that can only be achieved using the best PCB design Read Article

Kick Your EDA Translators to the Curb: Choose Unified Design

Kick Your EDA Translations to the Curb: Choose Unified Design Personal computing devices have significantly changed how bills are paid. And it’s getting better as utilities, banks, and medical enterprises get onboard with unified, intuitive user interfaces. Not long ago, moving from writing and mailing checks to using online banking for paying bills was excruciating. All the environments and web pages were slightly different. Even the simple process of paying a bill was inconsistent and there was no Read Article

Demonstrations for Multi-Layer PCB Designs: Best Uses for Each Layer

Demonstrations for Multi-Layer PCB Designs: Best Uses for Each Layer Your PCB layers are the key to success in your design, but the placement of layers and assignments of layer type can make the difference between success and failure. It's not just about determining where to route things; how you arrange layers in the stack will determine whether noise issues compromise your design. Layer arrangements can make the difference between proper functionality or failure, as well as whether a design can pass EMC testing Read Article

PCB Ground Plane Design in High Performance Boards

PCB Ground Plane Design in High Performance Boards Learn the best PCB ground plane design techniques to prevent signal and power integrity problems in this article. Read Article

Using Kirchhoff’s Law to Determine Sufficient PCB Trace Thickness

Using Kirchhoff’s Law to Determine Sufficient PCB Trace Thickness For as long as I can remember, I've been a fan of peanut butter. Back in elementary school, my mom limited my peanut butter intake to a thin spread on a slice of bread. This didn’t come close to satisfying my cravings so I’d sneakily add a generous inch of peanut butter on sandwiches without my mom’s knowledge. My peanut butter thickness preference, unfortunately, did not help with PCB trace thickness in earlier days of hardware design. It wasn’t Read Article

How to Systematically Organize Your Messy Schematic Design

Schematic Organization: How to Systematically Organize Your Messy Schematic Design Even as a six-year-old, my son is great at organizing his toys and personal belongings. At that age, I used to chuck all my possessions into a huge storage box. My son, on the other hand, has a knack for orderliness that borders on obsessive. Although his meticulous attention to detail can be mildly frustrating at times, it means that I can always trust him to keep his play area organized. In PCB design, you need to exhibit the same level of Read Article

Medical Technology Innovations and the Electronics That Enable Them

Medical Technology Innovations and the Electronics That Enable Them Ten years ago, who would have thought one of the world’s largest medical equipment manufacturers, General Electric, would look to exit the industry and sell-off its medical equipment business? It is also a fact of life that changes like these tend to drive companies to look for profit opportunities in other industries. In the 21st century, with a rapidly aging global population, you have the likes of aerospace giants, such as Lockheed-Martin and Read Article

41:03 Embedded Passives Technology (resistors and capacitors) with Bruce Mahler [OnTrack Podcast] Watch Video

WARR Hyperloop Pushes Last Year’s Design Concept Even Further

Elon Musk's WARR Hyperloop SpaceX Team Pushes Last Year’s Design Concept Even Further WARR Hyperloop team with Elon Musk after their 2017 win of the Hyperloop Pod competition II. Judy Warner: Please share briefly about the history of the WARR Hyperloop and the Technical University of Munich. Martin Riedel: WARR Hyperloop started out as a group of six students in the fall of 2015 and has since grown to nearly 40 students that compete in the SpaceX Hyperloop Competition every year. WARR Hyperloop is part of a larger student Read Article

Bill Brooks Accelerates Design-based Over Tool-based Curriculum

Bill Brooks Accelerates Design-based Over Tool-based Curriculum Judy Warner: How long have you been designing PCBs and what led you to the profession? Bill Brooks: I’ve been designing boards since about 1970. My father introduced me to electronics. He was an aerospace professional working in R&D at Hughes Aircraft Company, UCSD, and later at Aerospace Incorporated. He decided to open up a printed circuit shop out of our garage in Vista, CA while I was still in junior high school. In 1969 he taught my brothers Read Article

Identifying Minimum PCB Trace Spacing and Width in Altium Designer

Identifying Minimum Trace Spacing and Track Width in PCBs Taking the time to set up routing rules to govern a PCB's minimum trace spacing and width for your layout can be tedious. Many designers would prefer to jump in and start trace routing without going through this setup process first. This can be dangerous though as you may inadvertently route a trace routing at the wrong width, or pack your routing in so tightly that you don’t have the room to make any width corrections later on. The more rigid Read Article

Manufacturing Cost Tradeoffs with FR4 PCBs

Manufacturing Cost Tradeoffs with FR4 PCBs My frugal nature means that I tend to be a slow shopper. I don’t go to the mall too often, but when I do, I spend too much time weighing the costs and benefits of two different pairs of jeans. Such neurotic behavior will probably annoy your spouse, but it pays to be neurotic when you are debating which material and board thickness to use in your PCB. Most designers consider the PCB fabrication costs associated with FR4 PCBs to be a rather simple Read Article

Use Interactive Routing to Mitigate EMI Issues from High-Speed PCB Traces

Use Interactive Routing to Mitigate EMI Issues from High-Speed PCB Traces Having a robot clean the house and perform laundry chores continues to elude modern technology given intricate steps to complete each chore. Given the repetitive nature of the chores, you’d think robotic automation would be the perfect application to turn over to a robot. It turns out that cleaning the house and doing the laundry is much more complicated and too advanced for robot understanding. Only simplistic chores, like vacuuming the floor Read Article

Rigid-Flex Command Set-up and Layer Stack Design

Rigid-Flex Command Set-up and Layer Stack Design Once you take that nose dive into PCB design, you start to realize how many of your home electronic devices actually work. From DVD drives to laptop monitors, and just about anything that folds, it is all made possible with rigid-flex PCBs. Rigid-flex PCB design can be a tricky beast depending on the software you’re using to create it, but at the end of the design, your printed circuit board will bend and flex like a gymnast. A rigid-flex PCB, at Read Article